next - Man Page

package require TclOO

next ?arg ...?
nextto class ?arg ...?

The next command is used to call implementations of a method by a class, superclass or mixin that are overridden by the current method. It can only be used from within a method. It is also used within filters to indicate the point where a filter calls the actual implementation (the filter may decide to not go along the chain, and may process the results of going along the chain of methods as it chooses). The result of the next command is the result of the next method in the method chain; if there are no further methods in the method chain, the result of next will be an error. The arguments, arg, to next are the arguments to pass to the next method in the chain.

The nextto command is the same as the next command, except that it takes an additional class argument that identifies a class whose implementation of the current method chain (see info object call) should be used; the method implementation selected will be the one provided by the given class, and it must refer to an existing non-filter invocation that lies further along the chain than the current implementation.

When a method of an object is invoked, things happen in several stages:

[1]

The structure of the object, its class, superclasses, filters, and mixins, are examined to build a method chain, which contains a list of method implementations to invoke.

[2]

The first method implementation on the chain is invoked.

[3]

If that method implementation invokes the next command, the next method implementation is invoked (with its arguments being those that were passed to next).

[4]

The result from the overall method call is the result from the outermost method implementation; inner method implementations return their results through next.

[5]

The method chain is cached for future use.

This example demonstrates how to use the next command to call the (super)class's implementation of a method. The script:

oo::class create theSuperclass {
    method example {args} {
        puts "in the superclass, args = $args"
    }
}
oo::class create theSubclass {
    superclass theSuperclass
    method example {args} {
        puts "before chaining from subclass, args = $args"
        next a {*}$args b
        next pureSynthesis
        puts "after chaining from subclass"
    }
}
theSubclass create obj
oo::objdefine obj method example args {
    puts "per-object method, args = $args"
    next x {*}$args y
    next
}
obj example 1 2 3

prints the following:

per-object method, args = 1 2 3
before chaining from subclass, args = x 1 2 3 y
in the superclass, args = a x 1 2 3 y b
in the superclass, args = pureSynthesis
after chaining from subclass
before chaining from subclass, args =
in the superclass, args = a b
in the superclass, args = pureSynthesis
after chaining from subclass

This example demonstrates how to build a simple cache class that applies memoization to all the method calls of the objects it is mixed into, and shows how it can make a difference to computation times:

oo::class create cache {
    filter Memoize
    method Memoize args {
        # Do not filter the core method implementations
        if {[lindex [self target] 0] eq "::oo::object"} {
            return [next {*}$args]
        }

        # Check if the value is already in the cache
        my variable ValueCache
        set key [self target],$args
        if {[info exist ValueCache($key)]} {
            return $ValueCache($key)
        }

        # Compute value, insert into cache, and return it
        return [set ValueCache($key) [next {*}$args]]
    }
    method flushCache {} {
        my variable ValueCache
        unset ValueCache
        # Skip the caching
        return -level 2 ""
    }
}

oo::object create demo
oo::objdefine demo {
    mixin cache
    method compute {a b c} {
        after 3000 ;# Simulate deep thought
        return [expr {$a + $b * $c}]
    }
    method compute2 {a b c} {
        after 3000 ;# Simulate deep thought
        return [expr {$a * $b + $c}]
    }
}

puts [demo compute  1 2 3]      → prints "7" after delay
puts [demo compute2 4 5 6]      → prints "26" after delay
puts [demo compute  1 2 3]      → prints "7" instantly
puts [demo compute2 4 5 6]      → prints "26" instantly
puts [demo compute  4 5 6]      → prints "34" after delay
puts [demo compute  4 5 6]      → prints "34" instantly
puts [demo compute  1 2 3]      → prints "7" instantly
demo flushCache
puts [demo compute  1 2 3]      → prints "7" after delay

oo::class(n), oo::define(n), oo::object(n), self(n)

call, method, method chain

my(n), oo_define(n), self(n).

The man page nextto(n) is an alias of next(n).