std::basic_ifstream - Man Page

typedef ctype< _CharT > __ctype_type
typedef basic_filebuf< char_type, traits_type > __filebuf_type
typedef basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits > __ios_type
typedef basic_istream< char_type, traits_type > __istream_type
typedef num_get< _CharT, istreambuf_iterator< _CharT, _Traits > > __num_get_type
typedef basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > __streambuf_type
typedef _CharT char_type
enum event { erase_event, imbue_event, copyfmt_event }
The set of events that may be passed to an event callback.
typedef void(*) event_callback(event __e, ios_base &__b, int __i)
The type of an event callback function.
typedef class __attribute((__abi_tag__('cxx11'))) failure typedef _Ios_Fmtflags fmtflags
These are thrown to indicate problems with io.
typedef traits_type::int_type int_type
typedef _Ios_Iostate iostate
This is a bitmask type.
typedef traits_type::off_type off_type
typedef _Ios_Openmode openmode
This is a bitmask type.
typedef traits_type::pos_type pos_type
typedef _Ios_Seekdir seekdir
This is an enumerated type.
typedef _Traits traits_type

typedef num_put< _CharT, ostreambuf_iterator< _CharT, _Traits > > __num_put_type

basic_ifstream ()
Default constructor.
basic_ifstream (basic_ifstream &&__rhs)
template<typename _Path , typename _Require  = _If_fs_path<_Path>> basic_ifstream (const _Path &__s, ios_base::openmode __mode=ios_base::in)
Create an input file stream.
basic_ifstream (const basic_ifstream &)=delete
basic_ifstream (const char *__s, ios_base::openmode __mode=ios_base::in)
Create an input file stream.
basic_ifstream (const std::string &__s, ios_base::openmode __mode=ios_base::in)
Create an input file stream.
~basic_ifstream ()
The destructor does nothing.
template<typename _ValueT > basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits > & _M_extract (_ValueT &__v)
const locale & _M_getloc () const
Locale access.
void _M_setstate (iostate __state)
bool bad () const
Fast error checking.
void clear (iostate __state=goodbit)
[Re]sets the error state.
void close ()
Close the file.
basic_ios & copyfmt (const basic_ios &__rhs)
Copies fields of __rhs into this.
bool eof () const
Fast error checking.
iostate exceptions () const
Throwing exceptions on errors.
void exceptions (iostate __except)
Throwing exceptions on errors.
bool fail () const
Fast error checking.
char_type fill () const
Retrieves the empty character.
char_type fill (char_type __ch)
Sets a new empty character.
fmtflags flags () const
Access to format flags.
fmtflags flags (fmtflags __fmtfl)
Setting new format flags all at once.
streamsize gcount () const
Character counting.
basic_istream< char > & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n, char_type __delim)
Explicit specialization declarations, defined in src/istream.cc.
basic_istream< wchar_t > & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n, char_type __delim)
locale getloc () const
Locale access.
bool good () const
Fast error checking.
basic_istream< char > & ignore (streamsize __n)
basic_istream< wchar_t > & ignore (streamsize __n)
basic_istream< char > & ignore (streamsize __n, int_type __delim)
basic_istream< wchar_t > & ignore (streamsize __n, int_type __delim)
locale imbue (const locale &__loc)
Moves to a new locale.
bool is_open ()
Wrapper to test for an open file.
bool is_open () const
long & iword (int __ix)
Access to integer array.
char narrow (char_type __c, char __dfault) const
Squeezes characters.
template<typename _Path > _If_fs_path< _Path, void > open (const _Path &__s, ios_base::openmode __mode=ios_base::in)
Opens an external file.
void open (const char *__s, ios_base::openmode __mode=ios_base::in)
Opens an external file.
void open (const std::string &__s, ios_base::openmode __mode=ios_base::in)
Opens an external file.
basic_ifstream & operator= (basic_ifstream &&__rhs)
basic_ifstream & operator= (const basic_ifstream &)=delete
__istream_type & operator>> (__streambuf_type *__sb)
Extracting into another streambuf.
__istream_type & operator>> (void *&__p)
Basic arithmetic extractors.
streamsize precision () const
Flags access.
streamsize precision (streamsize __prec)
Changing flags.
void *& pword (int __ix)
Access to void pointer array.
__filebuf_type * rdbuf () const
Accessing the underlying buffer.
basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * rdbuf (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
Changing the underlying buffer.
iostate rdstate () const
Returns the error state of the stream buffer.
void register_callback (event_callback __fn, int __index)
Add the callback __fn with parameter __index.
fmtflags setf (fmtflags __fmtfl)
Setting new format flags.
fmtflags setf (fmtflags __fmtfl, fmtflags __mask)
Setting new format flags.
void setstate (iostate __state)
Sets additional flags in the error state.
void swap (basic_ifstream &__rhs)
basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * tie () const
Fetches the current tied stream.
basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * tie (basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > *__tiestr)
Ties this stream to an output stream.
void unsetf (fmtflags __mask)
Clearing format flags.
char_type widen (char __c) const
Widens characters.
streamsize width () const
Flags access.
streamsize width (streamsize __wide)
Changing flags.

__istream_type & operator>> (__istream_type &(*__pf)(__istream_type &))
Interface for manipulators.
__istream_type & operator>> (__ios_type &(*__pf)(__ios_type &))
Interface for manipulators.
__istream_type & operator>> (ios_base &(*__pf)(ios_base &))
Interface for manipulators.

Extractors
All the operator>> functions (aka formatted input functions) have some common behavior. Each starts by constructing a temporary object of type std::basic_istream::sentry with the second argument (noskipws) set to false. This has several effects, concluding with the setting of a status flag; see the sentry documentation for more.

If the sentry status is good, the function tries to extract whatever data is appropriate for the type of the argument.

If an exception is thrown during extraction, ios_base::badbit will be turned on in the stream's error state (without causing an ios_base::failure to be thrown) and the original exception will be rethrown if badbit is set in the exceptions mask.

__istream_type & operator>> (bool &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (short &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (unsigned short &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (int &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (unsigned int &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (long &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (unsigned long &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (long long &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (unsigned long long &__n)
Integer arithmetic extractors.

__istream_type & operator>> (float &__f)
Floating point arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (double &__f)
Floating point arithmetic extractors.
__istream_type & operator>> (long double &__f)
Floating point arithmetic extractors.

Unformatted Input Functions
All the unformatted input functions have some common behavior. Each starts by constructing a temporary object of type std::basic_istream::sentry with the second argument (noskipws) set to true. This has several effects, concluding with the setting of a status flag; see the sentry documentation for more.

If the sentry status is good, the function tries to extract whatever data is appropriate for the type of the argument.

The number of characters extracted is stored for later retrieval by gcount().

If an exception is thrown during extraction, ios_base::badbit will be turned on in the stream's error state (without causing an ios_base::failure to be thrown) and the original exception will be rethrown if badbit is set in the exceptions mask.

int_type get ()
Simple extraction.
__istream_type & get (char_type &__c)
Simple extraction.
__istream_type & get (char_type *__s, streamsize __n, char_type __delim)
Simple multiple-character extraction.
__istream_type & get (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
Simple multiple-character extraction.
__istream_type & get (__streambuf_type &__sb, char_type __delim)
Extraction into another streambuf.
__istream_type & get (__streambuf_type &__sb)
Extraction into another streambuf.
__istream_type & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n, char_type __delim)
String extraction.
__istream_type & getline (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
String extraction.
__istream_type & ignore (streamsize __n, int_type __delim)
Discarding characters.
__istream_type & ignore (streamsize __n)
Simple extraction.
__istream_type & ignore ()
Simple extraction.
int_type peek ()
Looking ahead in the stream.
__istream_type & read (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
Extraction without delimiters.
streamsize readsome (char_type *__s, streamsize __n)
Extraction until the buffer is exhausted, but no more.
__istream_type & putback (char_type __c)
Unextracting a single character.
__istream_type & unget ()
Unextracting the previous character.
int sync ()
Synchronizing the stream buffer.
pos_type tellg ()
Getting the current read position.
__istream_type & seekg (pos_type)
Changing the current read position.
__istream_type & seekg (off_type, ios_base::seekdir)
Changing the current read position.

operator bool () const
The quick-and-easy status check.
bool operator! () const
The quick-and-easy status check.

static bool sync_with_stdio (bool __sync=true)
Interaction with the standard C I/O objects.
static int xalloc ()  throw ()
Access to unique indices.

static const openmode __noreplace
static const fmtflags adjustfield
A mask of left|right|internal. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.
static const openmode app
Seek to end before each write.
static const openmode ate
Open and seek to end immediately after opening.
static const iostate badbit
Indicates a loss of integrity in an input or output sequence (such as an irrecoverable read error from a file).
static const fmtflags basefield
A mask of dec|oct|hex. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.
static const seekdir beg
Request a seek relative to the beginning of the stream.
static const openmode binary
Perform input and output in binary mode (as opposed to text mode). This is probably not what you think it is; see https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary.
static const fmtflags boolalpha
Insert/extract bool in alphabetic rather than numeric format.
static const seekdir cur
Request a seek relative to the current position within the sequence.
static const fmtflags dec
Converts integer input or generates integer output in decimal base.
static const seekdir end
Request a seek relative to the current end of the sequence.
static const iostate eofbit
Indicates that an input operation reached the end of an input sequence.
static const iostate failbit
Indicates that an input operation failed to read the expected characters, or that an output operation failed to generate the desired characters.
static const fmtflags fixed
Generate floating-point output in fixed-point notation.
static const fmtflags floatfield
A mask of scientific|fixed. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.
static const iostate goodbit
Indicates all is well.
static const fmtflags hex
Converts integer input or generates integer output in hexadecimal base.
static const openmode in
Open for input. Default for ifstream and fstream.
static const fmtflags internal
Adds fill characters at a designated internal point in certain generated output, or identical to right if no such point is designated.
static const fmtflags left
Adds fill characters on the right (final positions) of certain generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush left.)
static const fmtflags oct
Converts integer input or generates integer output in octal base.
static const openmode out
Open for output. Default for ofstream and fstream.
static const fmtflags right
Adds fill characters on the left (initial positions) of certain generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush right.)
static const fmtflags scientific
Generates floating-point output in scientific notation.
static const fmtflags showbase
Generates a prefix indicating the numeric base of generated integer output.
static const fmtflags showpoint
Generates a decimal-point character unconditionally in generated floating-point output.
static const fmtflags showpos
Generates a + sign in non-negative generated numeric output.
static const fmtflags skipws
Skips leading white space before certain input operations.
static const openmode trunc
Truncate an existing stream when opening. Default for ofstream.
static const fmtflags unitbuf
Flushes output after each output operation.
static const fmtflags uppercase
Replaces certain lowercase letters with their uppercase equivalents in generated output.

enum { _S_local_word_size }

void _M_cache_locale (const locale &__loc)
void _M_call_callbacks (event __ev)  throw ()
void _M_dispose_callbacks (void)  throw ()
template<typename _ValueT > __istream_type & _M_extract (_ValueT &__v)
_Words & _M_grow_words (int __index, bool __iword)
void _M_init ()  throw ()
void _M_move (ios_base &) noexcept
void _M_swap (ios_base &__rhs) noexcept
void init (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
All setup is performed here.
void move (basic_ios &&__rhs)
void move (basic_ios &__rhs)
void set_rdbuf (basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > *__sb)
void swap (basic_ios &__rhs) noexcept
void swap (basic_istream &__rhs)

_Callback_list * _M_callbacks
const __ctype_type * _M_ctype
iostate _M_exception
char_type _M_fill
bool _M_fill_init
fmtflags _M_flags
streamsize _M_gcount
locale _M_ios_locale
_Words _M_local_word [_S_local_word_size]
const __num_get_type * _M_num_get
const __num_put_type * _M_num_put
streamsize _M_precision
basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits > * _M_streambuf
iostate _M_streambuf_state
basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits > * _M_tie
streamsize _M_width
_Words * _M_word
int _M_word_size
_Words _M_word_zero

class std::basic_ifstream< _CharT, _Traits >"Controlling input for files.

Template Parameters

This class supports reading from named files, using the inherited functions from std::basic_istream. To control the associated sequence, an instance of std::basic_filebuf is used, which this page refers to as sb.

These are non-standard types.

The type of an event callback function.

Parameters

Event callbacks are user defined functions that get called during several ios_base and basic_ios functions, specifically imbue(), copyfmt(), and ~ios().

This is a bitmask type. _Ios_Iostate is implementation-defined, but it is valid to perform bitwise operations on these values and expect the Right Thing to happen. Defined objects of type iostate are:

• badbit
• eofbit
• failbit
• goodbit

This is a bitmask type. _Ios_Openmode is implementation-defined, but it is valid to perform bitwise operations on these values and expect the Right Thing to happen. Defined objects of type openmode are:

• app
• ate
• binary
• in
• out
• trunc

This is an enumerated type. _Ios_Seekdir is implementation-defined. Defined values of type seekdir are:

• beg
• cur, equivalent to SEEK_CUR in the C standard library.
• end, equivalent to SEEK_END in the C standard library.

The set of events that may be passed to an event callback. erase_event is used during ~ios() and copyfmt(). imbue_event is used during imbue(). copyfmt_event is used during copyfmt().

Default constructor. Initializes sb using its default constructor, and passes &sb to the base class initializer. Does not open any files (you haven't given it a filename to open).

Create an input file stream.

Parameters

ios_base::in is automatically included in __mode.

Create an input file stream.

Parameters

ios_base::in is automatically included in __mode.

Create an input file stream.

Parameters

ios_base::in is automatically included in __mode.

The destructor does nothing. The file is closed by the filebuf object, not the formatting stream.

Locale access.

Returns

A reference to the current locale.

Like getloc above, but returns a reference instead of generating a copy.

Referenced by std::money_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_date(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_monthname(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_time(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, istreambuf_iterator< _CharT > >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_year(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::time_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::get(), and std::time_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::put().

Fast error checking.

Returns

True if the badbit is set.

Note that other iostate flags may also be set.

References std::ios_base::badbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry().

[Re]sets the error state.

Parameters

See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values. Most users will not need to pass an argument.

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::exceptions(), std::__detail::operator>>(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

Close the file. Calls std::basic_filebuf::close(). If that function fails, failbit is set in the stream's error state.

Copies fields of __rhs into this.

Parameters

Returns

Reference to this object.

All fields of __rhs are copied into this object except that rdbuf() and rdstate() remain unchanged. All values in the pword and iword arrays are copied. Before copying, each callback is invoked with erase_event. After copying, each (new) callback is invoked with copyfmt_event. The final step is to copy exceptions().

References std::__addressof(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::exceptions(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fill(), std::ios_base::flags(), std::ios_base::getloc(), std::ios_base::precision(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::tie(), std::tie(), and std::ios_base::width().

Fast error checking.

Returns

True if the eofbit is set.

Note that other iostate flags may also be set.

References std::ios_base::eofbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

Throwing exceptions on errors.

Returns

The current exceptions mask.

This changes nothing in the stream. See the one-argument version of exceptions(iostate) for the meaning of the return value.

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt().

Throwing exceptions on errors.

Parameters

By default, error flags are set silently. You can set an exceptions mask for each stream; if a bit in the mask becomes set in the error flags, then an exception of type std::ios_base::failure is thrown.

If the error flag is already set when the exceptions mask is added, the exception is immediately thrown. Try running the following under GCC 3.1 or later:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <exception>

int main()
{
    std::set_terminate (__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler);

    std::ifstream f ("/etc/motd");

    std::cerr << "Setting badbit\n";
    f.setstate (std::ios_base::badbit);

    std::cerr << "Setting exception mask\n";
    f.exceptions (std::ios_base::badbit);
}

References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::clear().

Fast error checking.

Returns

True if either the badbit or the failbit is set.

Checking the badbit in fail() is historical practice. Note that other iostate flags may also be set.

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::failbit, and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::operator bool(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::operator!(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellp(), and std::regex_traits< typename >::value().

Retrieves the empty character.

Returns

The current fill character.

It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.

References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::widen().

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fill().

Sets a new empty character.

Parameters

Returns

The previous fill character.

The fill character is used to fill out space when P+ characters have been requested (e.g., via setw), Q characters are actually used, and Q<P. It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.

References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fill().

Access to format flags.

Returns

The format control flags for both input and output.

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::chrono::operator<<(), std::operator<<(), std::__detail::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), and std::operator>>().

Setting new format flags all at once.

Parameters

Returns

The previous format control flags.

This function overwrites all the format flags with __fmtfl.

Character counting.

Returns

The number of characters extracted by the previous unformatted input function dispatched for this stream.

Simple extraction.

Returns

A character, or eof().

Tries to extract a character. If none are available, sets failbit and returns traits::eof().

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit, and std::ios_base::goodbit.

Extraction into another streambuf.

Parameters

Returns

Returns get(__sb,widen('\n')).

Extraction into another streambuf.

Parameters

Returns

Characters are extracted and inserted into __sb until one of the following happens:

• the input sequence reaches EOF
• insertion into the output buffer fails (in this case, the character that would have been inserted is not extracted)
• the next character equals __delim (in this case, the character is not extracted)
• an exception occurs (and in this case is caught)

If no characters are stored, failbit is set in the stream's error state.

References std::ios_base::goodbit.

Simple extraction.

Parameters

Returns

Tries to extract a character and store it in __c. If none are available, sets failbit and returns traits::eof().

Note

This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit, and std::ios_base::goodbit.

Simple multiple-character extraction.

Parameters

Returns

Returns get(__s,__n,widen('\n')).

Simple multiple-character extraction.

Parameters

Returns

Characters are extracted and stored into __s until one of the following happens:

• __n-1 characters are stored
• the input sequence reaches EOF
• the next character equals __delim, in which case the character is not extracted

If no characters are stored, failbit is set in the stream's error state.

In any case, a null character is stored into the next location in the array.

Note

This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

References std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits >::sgetc().

String extraction.

Parameters

Returns

Returns getline(__s,__n,widen('\n')).

String extraction.

Parameters

Returns

Extracts and stores characters into __s until one of the following happens. Note that these criteria are required to be tested in the order listed here, to allow an input line to exactly fill the __s array without setting failbit.

1. the input sequence reaches end-of-file, in which case eofbit is set in the stream error state
2. the next character equals __delim, in which case the character is extracted (and therefore counted in gcount()) but not stored
3. __n-1 characters are stored, in which case failbit is set in the stream error state

If no characters are extracted, failbit is set. (An empty line of input should therefore not cause failbit to be set.)

In any case, a null character is stored in the next location in the array.

Explicit specialization declarations, defined in src/istream.cc.

Locale access.

Returns

A copy of the current locale.

If imbue(loc) has previously been called, then this function returns loc. Otherwise, it returns a copy of std::locale(), the global C++ locale.

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt(), std::money_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::chrono::operator<<(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), and std::ws().

Fast error checking.

Returns

True if no error flags are set.

A wrapper around rdstate.

References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(), and std::__detail::operator>>().

Simple extraction.

Returns

A character, or eof().

Tries to extract a character. If none are available, sets failbit and returns traits::eof().

References std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits >::sbumpc().

Simple extraction.

Returns

A character, or eof().

Tries to extract a character. If none are available, sets failbit and returns traits::eof().

References std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits >::sgetc().

Discarding characters.

Parameters

Returns

Extracts characters and throws them away until one of the following happens:

• if __n != std::numeric_limits<int>::max(), __n characters are extracted
• the input sequence reaches end-of-file
• the next character equals __delim (in this case, the character is extracted); note that this condition will never occur if __delim equals traits::eof().

NB: Provide three overloads, instead of the single function (with defaults) mandated by the Standard: this leads to a better performing implementation, while still conforming to the Standard.

Moves to a new locale.

Parameters

Returns

The previous locale.

Calls ios_base::imbue(loc), and if a stream buffer is associated with this stream, calls that buffer's pubimbue(loc).

Additional l10n notes are at http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html

References std::ios_base::imbue().

Referenced by std::chrono::operator<<().

All setup is performed here. This is called from the public constructor. It is not virtual and cannot be redefined.

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::basic_ios().

Wrapper to test for an open file.

Returns

rdbuf()->is_open()

Access to integer array.

Parameters

Returns

A reference to an integer associated with the index.

The iword function provides access to an array of integers that can be used for any purpose. The array grows as required to hold the supplied index. All integers in the array are initialized to 0.

The implementation reserves several indices. You should use xalloc to obtain an index that is safe to use. Also note that since the array can grow dynamically, it is not safe to hold onto the reference.

Squeezes characters.

Parameters

Returns

The narrowed character.

Maps a character of char_type to a character of char, if possible.

Returns the result of

std::use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).narrow(c,dfault)

Additional l10n notes are at http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html

Opens an external file.

Parameters

Calls std::basic_filebuf::open(__s,__mode|in). If that function fails, failbit is set in the stream's error state.

Opens an external file.

Parameters

Calls std::basic_filebuf::open(s,__mode|in). If that function fails, failbit is set in the stream's error state.

Opens an external file.

Parameters

Calls std::basic_filebuf::open(__s,__mode|in). If that function fails, failbit is set in the stream's error state.

The quick-and-easy status check. This allows you to write constructs such as if (!a_stream) ... and while (a_stream) ...

References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail().

The quick-and-easy status check. This allows you to write constructs such as if (!a_stream) ... and while (a_stream) ...

References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail().

Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::ws and std::dec use these functions in constructs like std::cin >> std::ws. For more information, see the iomanip header.

Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::ws and std::dec use these functions in constructs like std::cin >> std::ws. For more information, see the iomanip header.

Extracting into another streambuf.

Parameters

This function behaves like one of the basic arithmetic extractors, in that it also constructs a sentry object and has the same error handling behavior.

If __sb is NULL, the stream will set failbit in its error state.

Characters are extracted from this stream and inserted into the __sb streambuf until one of the following occurs:

• the input stream reaches end-of-file,
• insertion into the output buffer fails (in this case, the character that would have been inserted is not extracted), or
• an exception occurs (and in this case is caught)

If the function inserts no characters, failbit is set.

References std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit, and std::ios_base::goodbit.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Floating point arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Floating point arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Interface for manipulators. Manipulators such as std::ws and std::dec use these functions in constructs like std::cin >> std::ws. For more information, see the iomanip header.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Floating point arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::failbit, std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::get(), std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::use_facet().

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Integer arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Basic arithmetic extractors.

Parameters

Returns

These functions use the stream's current locale (specifically, the num_get facet) to parse the input data.

Looking ahead in the stream.

Returns

The next character, or eof().

If, after constructing the sentry object, good() is false, returns traits::eof(). Otherwise reads but does not extract the next input character.

Flags access.

Returns

The precision to generate on certain output operations.

Be careful if you try to give a definition of precision here; see DR 189.

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt(), and std::chrono::operator<<().

Changing flags.

Parameters

Returns

The previous value of precision().

Unextracting a single character.

Parameters

Returns

If rdbuf() is not null, calls rdbuf()->sputbackc(c).

If rdbuf() is null or if sputbackc() fails, sets badbit in the error state.

Note

This function first clears eofbit. Since no characters are extracted, the next call to gcount() will return 0, as required by DR 60.

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits >::sputbackc().

Access to void pointer array.

Parameters

Returns

A reference to a void* associated with the index.

The pword function provides access to an array of pointers that can be used for any purpose. The array grows as required to hold the supplied index. All pointers in the array are initialized to 0.

The implementation reserves several indices. You should use xalloc to obtain an index that is safe to use. Also note that since the array can grow dynamically, it is not safe to hold onto the reference.

Accessing the underlying buffer.

Returns

The current basic_filebuf buffer.

This hides both signatures of std::basic_ios::rdbuf().

Changing the underlying buffer.

Parameters

Returns

The previous stream buffer.

Associates a new buffer with the current stream, and clears the error state.

Due to historical accidents which the LWG refuses to correct, the I/O library suffers from a design error: this function is hidden in derived classes by overrides of the zero-argument rdbuf(), which is non-virtual for hysterical raisins. As a result, you must use explicit qualifications to access this function via any derived class. For example:

std::fstream     foo;         // or some other derived type
std::streambuf*  p = .....;

foo.ios::rdbuf(p);            // ios == basic_ios<char>

Returns the error state of the stream buffer.

Returns

A bit pattern (well, isn't everything?)

See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values. Most users will call one of the interpreting wrappers, e.g., good().

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::bad(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::eof(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::good(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::setstate().

Extraction without delimiters.

Parameters

Returns

If the stream state is good(), extracts characters and stores them into __s until one of the following happens:

• __n characters are stored
• the input sequence reaches end-of-file, in which case the error state is set to failbit|eofbit.

Note

This function is not overloaded on signed char and unsigned char.

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit, and std::ios_base::goodbit.

Extraction until the buffer is exhausted, but no more.

Parameters

Returns

The number of characters extracted.

Extracts characters and stores them into __s depending on the number of characters remaining in the streambuf's buffer, rdbuf()->in_avail(), called A here:

• if A == -1, sets eofbit and extracts no characters
• if A == 0, extracts no characters
• if A > 0, extracts min(A,n)

The goal is to empty the current buffer, and to not request any more from the external input sequence controlled by the streambuf.

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::min().

Add the callback __fn with parameter __index.

Parameters

Registers a function as an event callback with an integer parameter to be passed to the function when invoked. Multiple copies of the function are allowed. If there are multiple callbacks, they are invoked in the order they were registered.

Changing the current read position.

Parameters

Returns

If fail() is not true, calls rdbuf()->pubseekoff(__off,__dir). If that function fails, sets failbit.

Note

This function first clears eofbit. It does not count the number of characters extracted, if any, and therefore does not affect the next call to gcount().

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit, std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::ios_base::in.

Changing the current read position.

Parameters

Returns

If fail() is not true, calls rdbuf()->pubseekpos(__pos). If that function fails, sets failbit.

Note

This function first clears eofbit. It does not count the number of characters extracted, if any, and therefore does not affect the next call to gcount().

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::eofbit, std::ios_base::failbit, std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::ios_base::in.

Setting new format flags.

Parameters

Returns

The previous format control flags.

This function sets additional flags in format control. Flags that were previously set remain set.

Referenced by std::__detail::operator>>().

Setting new format flags.

Parameters

Returns

The previous format control flags.

This function clears mask in the format flags, then sets fmtfl & mask. An example mask is ios_base::adjustfield.

Sets additional flags in the error state.

Parameters

See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values.

References std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::clear(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::rdstate().

Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush(), std::getline(), std::getline(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<<(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::tr2::operator>>(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::put(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), and std::ws().

Synchronizing the stream buffer.

Returns

If rdbuf() is a null pointer, returns -1.

Otherwise, calls rdbuf()->pubsync(), and if that returns -1, sets badbit and returns -1.

Otherwise, returns 0.

Note

This function does not count the number of characters extracted, if any, and therefore does not affect the next call to gcount().

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::goodbit, and std::basic_streambuf< _CharT, _Traits >::pubsync().

Interaction with the standard C I/O objects.

Parameters

Returns

True if the standard streams were previously synchronized.

The synchronization referred to is only that between the standard C facilities (e.g., stdout) and the standard C++ objects (e.g., cout). User-declared streams are unaffected. See https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary

Getting the current read position.

Returns

A file position object.

If fail() is not false, returns pos_type(-1) to indicate failure. Otherwise returns rdbuf()->pubseekoff(0,cur,in).

Note

This function does not count the number of characters extracted, if any, and therefore does not affect the next call to gcount(). At variance with putback, unget and seekg, eofbit is not cleared first.

References std::ios_base::badbit, std::ios_base::cur, and std::ios_base::in.

Fetches the current tied stream.

Returns

A pointer to the tied stream, or NULL if the stream is not tied.

A stream may be tied (or synchronized) to a second output stream. When this stream performs any I/O, the tied stream is first flushed. For example, std::cin is tied to std::cout.

Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(), and std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt().

Ties this stream to an output stream.

Parameters

Returns

The previously tied output stream, or NULL if the stream was not tied.

This sets up a new tie; see tie() for more.

Unextracting the previous character.

Returns

If rdbuf() is not null, calls rdbuf()->sungetc(c).

If rdbuf() is null or if sungetc() fails, sets badbit in the error state.

Note

This function first clears eofbit. Since no characters are extracted, the next call to gcount() will return 0, as required by DR 60.

References std::ios_base::eofbit, and std::ios_base::goodbit.

Referenced by std::__detail::operator>>().

Clearing format flags.

Parameters

This function clears __mask in the format flags.

Widens characters.

Parameters

Returns

The widened character.

Maps a character of char to a character of char_type.

Returns the result of

std::use_facet<ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).widen(c)

Additional l10n notes are at http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/localization.html

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fill(), std::getline(), std::getline(), and std::tr2::operator>>().

Flags access.

Returns

The minimum field width to generate on output operations.

Minimum field width refers to the number of characters.

Referenced by std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::copyfmt(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::operator>>(), and std::operator>>().

Changing flags.

Parameters

Returns

The previous value of width().

Access to unique indices.

Returns

An integer different from all previous calls.

This function returns a unique integer every time it is called. It can be used for any purpose, but is primarily intended to be a unique index for the iword and pword functions. The expectation is that an application calls xalloc in order to obtain an index in the iword and pword arrays that can be used without fear of conflict.

The implementation maintains a static variable that is incremented and returned on each invocation. xalloc is guaranteed to return an index that is safe to use in the iword and pword arrays.

The number of characters extracted in the previous unformatted function; see gcount().

A mask of left|right|internal. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.

Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::internal(), std::left(), and std::right().

Seek to end before each write.

Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::overflow(), and std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::xsputn().

Open and seek to end immediately after opening.

Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::open().

Indicates a loss of integrity in an input or output sequence (such as an irrecoverable read error from a file).

Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::bad(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::get(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<<(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::put(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sync(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::tellg(), and std::ws().

A mask of dec|oct|hex. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.

Referenced by std::dec(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::hex(), and std::oct().

Request a seek relative to the beginning of the stream.

Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::seekpos().

Perform input and output in binary mode (as opposed to text mode). This is probably not what you think it is; see https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/fstreams.html#std.io.filestreams.binary.

Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::showmanyc().

Insert/extract bool in alphabetic rather than numeric format.

Referenced by std::boolalpha(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), and std::noboolalpha().

Request a seek relative to the current position within the sequence.

Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::imbue(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::overflow(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::pbackfail(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::seekoff(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekoff(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(), and std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellp().

Converts integer input or generates integer output in decimal base.

Referenced by std::dec().

Request a seek relative to the current end of the sequence.

Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::open(), and std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekoff().

Indicates that an input operation reached the end of an input sequence.

Referenced by std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_date(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_monthname(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_time(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_year(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::eof(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::sync(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::unget(), and std::ws().

Indicates that an input operation failed to read the expected characters, or that an output operation failed to generate the desired characters.

Referenced by std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_monthname(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_year(), std::basic_ios< _CharT, _Traits >::fail(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), and std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp().

Generate floating-point output in fixed-point notation.

Referenced by std::fixed(), and std::hexfloat().

A mask of scientific|fixed. Useful for the 2-arg form of setf.

Referenced by std::defaultfloat(), std::fixed(), std::hexfloat(), and std::scientific().

Indicates all is well.

Referenced by std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sentry::sentry(), std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_monthname(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, istreambuf_iterator< _CharT > >::do_get_weekday(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get_year(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::flush(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::get(), std::time_get< _CharT, _InIter >::get(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::ignore(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator<<(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::operator>>(), std::operator>>(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::put(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::putback(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::read(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, char_traits< _CharT > >::readsome(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::sync(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::unget(), and std::ws().

Converts integer input or generates integer output in hexadecimal base.

Referenced by std::num_get< _CharT, _InIter >::do_get(), std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), and std::hex().

Open for input. Default for ifstream and fstream.

Referenced by std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::overflow(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::pbackfail(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekg(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekoff(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekpos(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::showmanyc(), std::basic_istream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellg(), std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::underflow(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::underflow(), and std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::xsgetn().

Adds fill characters at a designated internal point in certain generated output, or identical to right if no such point is designated.

Referenced by std::internal().

Adds fill characters on the right (final positions) of certain generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush left.)

Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), and std::left().

Converts integer input or generates integer output in octal base.

Referenced by std::oct().

Open for output. Default for ofstream and fstream.

Referenced by std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::overflow(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::overflow(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::pbackfail(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekoff(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::seekp(), std::basic_stringbuf< _CharT, _Traits, _Alloc >::seekpos(), std::basic_ostream< _CharT, _Traits >::tellp(), and std::basic_filebuf< _CharT, _Traits >::xsputn().

Adds fill characters on the left (initial positions) of certain generated output. (I.e., the thing you print is flush right.)

Referenced by std::right().

Generates floating-point output in scientific notation.

Referenced by std::hexfloat(), and std::scientific().

Generates a prefix indicating the numeric base of generated integer output.

Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::noshowbase(), and std::showbase().

Generates a decimal-point character unconditionally in generated floating-point output.

Referenced by std::noshowpoint(), and std::showpoint().

Generates a + sign in non-negative generated numeric output.

Referenced by std::noshowpos(), and std::showpos().

Skips leading white space before certain input operations.

Referenced by std::noskipws(), std::__detail::operator>>(), and std::skipws().

Truncate an existing stream when opening. Default for ofstream.

Flushes output after each output operation.

Referenced by std::nounitbuf(), and std::unitbuf().

Replaces certain lowercase letters with their uppercase equivalents in generated output.

Referenced by std::num_put< _CharT, _OutIter >::do_put(), std::nouppercase(), and std::uppercase().